Eight Impassioned Suggestions About Where to Focus Stimulus Dollars
Teachers and other experts weigh in on the best ways to invest federal education spending.
by Chris Colin
As part of our special report on federal stimulus dollars in public education, we reached out to a handful of opinionated people to ask where this much-needed money should be spent. With so much to improve, it isn't easy to identify a top priority for education funding, but this eclectic group of experts offered some interesting choices.
Their ideas, along with articles on the impact of massive federal education spending and the policy underlying this infusion of cash, will appear on Edutopia.org soon and in the August/September issue of Edutopia magazine (arriving in mailboxes in early August).
The question: "The nation's public schools are slated to be major -- and deserving -- benefactors of President Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Plan. What should be the first priority for education spending?"
Jonathan Kozol
Jonathan Kozol
Author of The Shame of the Nation and Savage Inequalities
"The top priority: three full years of federally funded, culturally rich, developmental preschool education of the same high quality wealthy people purchase privately, made available to every child of low income in the nation. Until we do this, the testing of children in third grade, as demanded under NCLB, will be blatantly unfair, rewarding children of the privileged for having already had twice as many years of education as the children of the poor."
Robert Reich
Former U.S. secretary of labor, professor at the University of California at Berkeley, and author of Supercapitalism
"The first priority for education spending on public schools -- apart from the obvious ones of early-childhood education, better teacher pay, smaller class size, smaller schools, and better teacher accountability -- is one that's rarely talked about: making sure young people are healthy enough to learn.
It's impossible for kids to learn if their teeth hurt, they can't see well, they can't breathe easily, and they're hungry. Yet 30 percent of the young people in some of our poorest school districts have untreated dental problems, uncorrected vision problems, untreated asthma, and inadequate diets. The two -- education and health -- go together."
Rafe Esquith
Celebrated elementary school teacher and author of Teach Like Your Hair's on Fire
"Stimulus money being sent to schools should initially be spent on two projects: Matches can be purchased to burn all standardized tests, ending the absurd notion that these exams have anything to do with educating a child and preparing him or her for life. Leftover funds should be spent on travel expenses for great young instructors to observe and learn from outstanding public school teachers with classes that are rigorous, relevant, and joyful."
Clayton M. Christensen
Harvard University business professor and author of Disrupting Class
"The stimulus funds present a big danger by affording schools the opportunity not to change. To the extent the federal government funds new programs, it should transform public education by not funding the old, monolithic system and instead invest in the emerging, disruptive one."
Diane Ravitch
Education historian, educational-policy analyst, and former U.S. assistant secretary of education
"I would install the Core Knowledge curriculum in every school and educate every teacher to teach it. Thus, every child would learn history, science, literature, the arts, and more. This would not cost much, and the balance could be used to create health clinics, social services, and jobs."
Michelle Rhee
Chancellor, District of Columbia Public Schools
"Recognizing the link between education and our future prosperity, President Obama has made education a top priority. What most encourages me about the stimulus funds is that he is holding us accountable for using citizens' dollars wisely, in innovative ways that can drive student achievement forward and prepare students for professional life. This can include radical changes and improvements for Title I schools for our children in highest academic and economic need."
Wendy Kopp
Founder and CEO of Teach for America
"We now have evidence of individual classrooms, schools, and even clusters of schools that are changing the life trajectories of kids in low-income communities. The stimulus funding provides a unique opportunity to scale up successful initiatives and reach more children in the highest-need areas."
Nínive Clements Calegari
Cofounder of the 826 National writing centers and of the Teacher Salary Project, member of Edutopia's National Advisory Council
"The single most important change we need is to elevate the status of public school teachers and transform the profession into one that is truly prestigious, wildly competitive, and financially attractive. Until we get and keep the smartest teachers in the classrooms, I fear that none of these other reforms, no matter how well designed, will truly achieve what we so desperately need for our schools and kids."


Righ on Clay!
Consistent with Clayton M. Christensen, I'm dreading the prospect of three years from now seeing traditional comprehensive high schools having a plethora of technology still structured with the old modality of 'classes' and focus on content coverage.
I'm convinced change will happen only due to enough academies, charters, homeschoolers and independent schools demonstrate the real-world application of more dynamic ways of teaching and learning; Great leaders in this will be groups like EdVisions, High Tech High, Big Picture and ELOB... they can no longer be treated as trivial side conversations in the mainstream.
Shane Krukowski
Project-Based Learning Systems
http://www.projectfoundry.org
Learning Teams Will Create What's Next Using Stimulus Funds
Stimulus funding should be used to reinvent Public Education. Think about it: If you had the opportunity to create an ideal school, would you create the schools we have today? Probably not. In the words of former Secretary of Education Richard Riley, we must change the way we "do" school. One such way is Learning Teams - where teachers, principals, students, professionals from the broader workforce and community members work together. Visit http://wwww.learningteams.org to learn more.
Comments by Christensen, Rhee, Kopp and Calegari
I find these comments particularly lacking in any specifics. They put forward many nice platitudes, but how do you actually do it? I suggest you push people harder in the future to provide some specific plans and do not include their comments it they don't. This was disappointing from people of this stature and I am surprised you let them get away with it.
Education stimulus money
I'm wondering if there will truly be any possibilities for additional funding for schools. My understanding is that the governors of 9 states have kept educational funding flat by giving the schools the education stimulus funds and then proceeding to cut the state funding to schools by that amount, thereby resulting in reduced resources for the schools as they scramble to cover increases in salaries and energy costs, etc. Apparently, in 10 states the cuts in state funding to schools were larger than the stimulus monies!
Hurrah to Rafe Esquith!
As an educator, I couldn't agree more with Esquith's thoughts. The idea for matches, while certainly tounge-in-check, is critical. We spend so much time preparing students for these standardized tests at the expense of creative, project-based,individualized, authentic learning. The high stakes results of these tests take much away from what real teaching/learning can and should be.
Additionally, having had the opportunity to be in a wide variety of classrooms last year, I found my personal growth as an educator enormous. So often, we are holed-up and isolated in our own classrooms, and we desparately need validation for what we do and the opportunity to recharge and refresh our tricks of the trade. What better method than time in highly energized classrooms of other exceptional teachers!
Christensen and others' comments
Since I actually spoke with Clayton Christensen when he was thinking through what he would say in response to this question, I happen to know that he was asked for roughly 50 words. I just thought this context might be important for the person who attacked him saying they expected more. Clayton and I have written some of our more specific thoughts in articles on CNN.com, HBR.org, and The Huffington Post among other places.
Stimulus Funds and education
Hats off to supporting teachers and raising our profession up to be respected and regarded as one of the most important professions and ways of life. But, how do we judge one teacher as, "smart"? I believe the teachers I work with are highly intelligent and capable. They are also tired, working at a site which is over 90% Ell and very poor. If we used test scores to judge teachers, which is invalid, then we may not fair well. I strongly believe teacher's salaries must be raised to a living wage plus and with that the bar must be raised. Teachers must be consulted more around the curriculum and we must be educated and re-educated to do so. There still lingers the old school of thought and teaching and it must fade. Growing professionally is a must and collaborating too. My vision of the service educators provide is that of working with children and the community (parents), even politically, to create a healthy society. To do this we need to think outside the box of the curriculum, we need to be innovative with our teaching strategies, and the arts need to be integrated! So many needs! Teaching has become so complex due to our children being so unhealthy.
Rafe Esquith's proposal
I love this teacher! (Teach Like Your Hair's on Fire is one of my very favorite books.)I see so many hours lost because teachers need to prepare students for our AIMS test. Meanwhile, students come to me needing help with integrating and applying math concepts, critical reading, grammar, writing. . . I prep students for the SAT because that preparation makes them better students, better mathematicians, better readers and writers. The proof of that pudding is in their improved performance in their classes and their enhanced scores on OTHER TESTS as well as on the SAT! I don't teach to the test so much as use it as an excuse to teach them what they will need to know to succeed in college.
I read the comments above and agree with all that was stated. Children cannot help where they live; they live where their parents can afford and I believe that children should receive the same quality education from infancy to high school so that not only get off to a stimulating early start but are able to compete with the other children from around the world; they are the leaders of tomorrow and they need to be prepared for the world and its pressures and problems. I also think that some of the stimulus money should go into teacher pay and more professional development that benefits the students we teach. In addition, we need to find other means, rather than testing, testing, testing for our students to demonstrate what they know. I am fortunate to work in a Charter School (the first in Georgia) and what we attempt to do is to do what is best for our students. We have made much progress but we are still learning because our students have a long way to go.
Ideas for Improving Education in the United States
Kudos to Kozol, Reich, Esquith, Ravitch and Calegari for their excellent and specific suggestions for improving education for all our children. I'd like to elaborate on Ms. Calegari's comments because I consider them to be extremely important in reaching our goal of providing a first-rate education to every child in our country.
Much has been said about the need to improve the quality of teachers in failing, urban schools, but I have read little about why we are not able to attract the "best and the brightest" to the profession.
In the 1960s when I became a teacher, it was well-known that anyone "with a warm body and a degree" could become a teacher. It was also known that teaching was a job "for girls" and for working class people. Middle class professional people advised their daughters to be teachers "until you start a family," but their sons were routinely counseled out of the profession "because there's no money in it." And so teaching at the K-12 level became a low-status profession that appealed mainly to women and upwardly mobile working class people from non-competitive colleges and universities. Highly educated people who wanted to become teachers were often encouraged to go into higher education. This is still happening today as Ivy League graduates are encouraged to donate two years of their lives to teaching poor kids until they begin their "real" jobs. Think about the message this sends to our young people.
When I applied for a teaching position in a large urban city in 1964, the personnel director didn't even interview me. She just asked for proof of my college degree (No teacher certification was needed) and then whipped out a map of the "inner city" and asked me where I wanted to go. Needless to say, I was not prepared for the challenging job that awaited me; nor were my colleagues. When I became fully credentialed, I went on to suburban schools, as did most of the other teachers.
The current practice of teacher bashing is only exacerbating the situation further. My own sons, graduates of Harvard and Stanford, screamed with laughter when I suggested teaching to them. The equally talented children of my friends have chosen the professions of law, medicine, engineering and academia where they can be certain of high status, decent salaries and professional autonomy. Who will take the place of the Baby Boomers who are now beginning to retire? IN MY OPINION THE DISRESPECT AND DISDAIN SHOWN TO OUR TEACHERS IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO OUR INABILITY TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN THE BEST AND THE BRIGHTEST TO THE TEACHING PROFESSION. Every country with an enviable education system shows extraordinary respect for its teachers. It is my understanding that in Korea, Japan and Finland the teacher is revered and accorded the highest status in the country.
The unfortunate treatment of our teachers provides us with one very inexpensive way to bring immediate improvement to American education: We can respect our teachers and empower them to be full professionals. If we want the top college graduates to enter the profession, we need to trust them to make decisions about faculty, curriculum and instruction, evaluation and all other factors that affect the education of their students. Intelligent people want to be decision-makers.
Thank you, Ms. Caligari, for your wise and insightful comments.