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When Teaching the Right Answers Is the Wrong Direction
November 12, 2009 | Rebecca Alber"Is this right?" Admittedly, I flinch a little when I hear these words from a student. Why? They always serve as a reminder of the wrong turn education has taken. (Or maybe it's always been like this.) It's not their fault, but students are all too often on a quest for the Correct Answers, which has little to do with critical-thinking development, I'm afraid.
Our schools are about competition, merits, awards, and how to earn the Golden Ticket -- giving the right answers. And this focus often starts as early as kindergarten. We teachers want to support all answers, all the "best thinking" of all children, but we give ourselves away when we nod, glow, and beam when a student says exactly what we want her to say. We even hint at that perfect response. But is she really learning? (Can you picture this happening in your classroom? Guilty as charged over here.)
According to this article from Scientific American, studies show that getting answers wrong actually helps students learn.
So, how do we break those know-it-all routines?
Become an Explorer with Students
Step off the soapbox, tone down that direct teaching, and become wondrous and inquisitive right along side your students. Take a break from what you are expert at and delve into unknown territory with new content, activities, or a concept. Here are ways to get started:
- Begin and end a lesson, unit, or project with an essential question or two. These are overarching questions that do not have a definitive answer -- for example, "How am I connected to those in the past?" Essential questions are also open ended, highly subjective, and often provocative. (Read education researcher Grant Wiggins's descriptions and examples of essential questions.)
- Take every opportunity to express to your students that you have no idea about an answer, even if you have to fake it a little. (Teaching is part theater, after all). Show them that you are equally puzzled. Model inquiry by using the think-aloud strategy as you do a class reading of a current science article, or a poem, or as you collectively admire a painting from the Harlem Renaissance.
- Dwindle down those teacher sentences that start with "This means" and replace them with, "I wonder," "What if," and "How might?" And, most importantly, begin asking your students this crucial question often, even multiple times in a day: "What do you think?" (For more on framing open-ended questions and exploratory classroom language, try this book.)
- Give students plenty of think time. When you stop rushing, students may seem a bit shocked and may even believe it to be some sort of trick or hidden tactic. Wait, push that Pause button, and count the seconds -- whatever it takes. Can you say "uncomfortable"? Students are not accustomed to this exaggerated amount of time, but studies show that giving students an added handful of seconds after a question can reap much richer responses.
- Be mindful of your tone. Try replacing a flat, authoritative, expert-sounding one with -- and this might sound corny -- a singsong intonation, the one we use when we are whimsically curious.
- Make your classroom a place of wonderment. When a student asks a question that provokes a discussion, elicits a slew of fiery rebuttals, or brings about even more questions, give her a sticky note to write the question and her name on and put it on display, maybe on the "Questions That Rock" wall.
(All of the above suggestions are also sure to help lower the affective filter of the struggling students in your classroom.)
A Constructivist Classroom
For those out there already forming a response to this post about the woes of constructivist teaching methods, I'd like to point out a few things:
Teachers are known control freaks. We have to be. Anyone who is not a teacher out there, try to summon the attention of 32 seventh graders the day after Halloween and loads of candy, or teach a lesson on how to properly format a bibliography page to a group of students two weeks before high school graduation. What I'm proposing is that you channel all that controlling energy and put it at the beginning and end of a lesson.
This means that you do indeed have goals and objectives solidified in your mind and in your lesson-planning books. With clear objectives (the beginning) and enriching, rigorous assessments (the end) decided on and designed, constructivism just proposes you do something different in the middle.
You know the saying "The devil is in the details"? Well, the devil is also in the misunderstood. This method of teaching sometimes gets a bad rap because learning objectives and assessments are flimsy, or even missing.
How about it? Step down, stand next to students, and take a journey. You are still leading the pack, just relaxing your grip.
Down with Drill and Kill
You will start to see students slowly -- often painfully so, at first -- begin to become questioners and openly, vulnerably curious. The almost robotic, knee-jerk quest for the correct answers will begin to vaporize from your classroom.
And, students will see questioning out loud as not so much an admittance of not having the right answers as a declaration that they are admirably curious -- a learner, full of ideas, hypotheses, and reflections. They will begin to see that they -- just like their teacher -- are explorers of knowledge and ideas.
What are some ways you've inspired students to speak their minds and question freely in your classroom? We look forward to your comments!





Comments (30)
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Sometimes, educators often
Sometimes, educators often search for right answers as a way to evaluate their teaching skills. We feel if the students get the answer right then we have taught an effective lesson. The weight of producing passing test scores contributes to the anxiety of hearing the right answer. This is a topic my school district needs to read and pass on to every educator.
Great Thinking
This is a great post. It is all too true that as teachers and students, it is the easiest thing to give and expect the correct answers from our students. With standardized tests, that seems to be all that students need to know, the straight facts. We are missing the underlying theme of getting an education, gaining an understanding of a concept as a whole and being able to infer answers to questions from our previous knowledge. I have always been taught to use open-ended questions when trying to get the higher Bloom's learning, but I think that it is possible to use with the lower levels as well. Students of all abilities are capable of using open-ended questions. I also love the "Questions that Rock" wall idea. This is something that I will want to use in the future when I get my classroom (I am currently substituting). There are many strategies that I think that I am capable of using at the moment, I just have to be mindful when to best implement them.
I have always encouraged my
I have always encouraged my students to speak their minds in my class. I've even let them explore their thoughts and opinions openly with each other. The constructivist approach to learning is, in my opinion, a great way to reach so many different students and address their different learning styles in doing so.
Stefanie
I have taught in my classroom in a constructivist manner and my students grew by leaps and bounds because of it. I would still get the "is this right?" question, but when they realized that I would not answer that question, it soon faded.
Confident Learners
I agree with your lesson on having students journal their thoughts. I have students journal at least two times a week by responding to an open ended question. I enjoy reading their creative writing expressing their unique thoughts. I emphasize on no right or wrong answers, but I expect some depth on their papers. I strongly encourage students to be creative in a collaborative learning environment. I feel that this enhances students to be self motivated and creative thinkers!
Why can't wrong be right?
I agree totally with all the posts. It is a shame that students, as well as, some teachers and administrators are so caught up in getting the right answer that they sometimes forget that it is not the answer you are looking for, but how you came to get it that matters.I have a student that is so afraid she will make a mistake that she panics when the problem calls for a little more effort than she is used to. Students should not feel the extreme pressures we put on them to get a perfect score. As a teacher, I am much more interested in the manner in which students are able to solve a problem.
I believe tests are not an accurate measure of student success. I have witnessed teachers handing out previous tests and drilling students over the correct answers. Because so much attention has been placed on teacher accountability, teachers desert to spoon feeding the tests to their students, just to get that perfect score.
Why can't getting the wrong answer be the right way to teach? Why do teachers not applaude the efforts put forth by their students? When a student gets an incorrect answer this is the perfect opportunity to teach what went wrong and then steer them back on track. I believe this approach would increase student learning and participation.
Engineering Design Process
After reading the post, I had many connections to the use of inquiry and design cycle of engineering. The school that I teach at is science, technology, engineering, and math based that has more ups and than downs. Students feel so compelled to have the right answer all the time with math and do not understand that it’s the process to get an answer that is more important. By understanding the design process that an engineer takes, students are able to brainstorm and problem solve through all facets of education and life. My 5th graders have been introduced to this process in a program called Project Lead the Way. Since my students started implementing the design process from the beginning of the year, they have improved their thinking on all intelligences. Thinking "outside of the box" is slowly becoming second nature, and I, too, have started using the idea of the design process to create more engaging and thinking lessons even in content areas.
I personally believe that the constructivist view of teaching really could allow students to reach more though provoking heights. If we can use an idea like the engineering design process, it will not only develop students into better thinkers but have them ready for an explosive field in the future!
It's been great reading all
It's been great reading all your responses to my post. It's fantastic hearing about the various strategies you all are using to guide students to think for themselves. This is what learning -- and teaching -- is all about!
Thanks for all that you do in your classrooms,
Rebecca Alber
Rebecca, I really enjoyed
Rebecca, I really enjoyed reading your post! Teaching students how to think critically and discover the answers themselves is something I think teachers should try to integrate into their lessons everyday. It is such an important life skill for them to have. I sometimes notice myself giving an answer and then regretting it as soon as I said it because I wished I had let a conversation begin among the students so they could figure it out for themselves. Sometimes I get so focused on getting the content/standards taught that I forget about what is really important...teaching students how to discover and think for themselves. That is what will have an impact and will help them to be successful later in their lives.
I love your ideas for how to become an explorer with your students. Some I try to do already and others I have heard about, but have never tried. I hope to incorporate the use of Essential Questions and other forms of questioning in my classroom. I have wanted to implement a more investigative approach in my classroom, so I'm excited to try the ideas you included in your post. Thank you for sharing!